Oil Market Update – January 2026: Geopolitical Risks vs. Structural Supply Surplus

Why refined products continue to outperform crude amid geopolitical uncertainty

Hedgepoint Global Markets
Jan 15, 2026 10:50:46 AM

 

The oil market enters 2026 navigating a familiar tension: recurring geopolitical risks set against a structurally well-supplied global market. While developments in Venezuela and Iran have returned energy security to the headlines, fundamentals continue to play a decisive role in shaping price behavior and risk dynamics.

 

This update summarizes the key market themes and implications identified in Hedgepoint’s Oil Market Update – January 2026, produced by Tim Vince, Relationship Manager – Energy.

 

Structural Supply Surplus Caps Crude Upside

Global crude balances remain pressured by strong non-OPEC production growth and the gradual unwinding of OPEC+ supply cuts. This structural surplus has softened the forward curve and limited the market’s ability to sustain price rallies, even during periods of heightened geopolitical tension.

 

As a result, event-driven volatility has tended to fade quickly, with prices reverting to surplus-driven fundamentals.

 

Refined Products Outperform Crude

While crude prices remain range-bound, refined products have told a different story. Gasoline (RBOB) and heating oil have shown resilience, with diesel standing out due to structural supply constraints and refinery disruptions in key export hubs during late 2025.

 

Sanctions affecting Russian and Iranian flows have further tightened distillate markets, pushing crack spreads to yearly highs and reinforcing the relative value of product exposure over flat price crude risk.

 

Venezuela: Disruption Risk Is Manageable — For Now

Recent developments in Venezuela put approximately 400 kb/d of production at risk. However, near-term impacts appear contained.

 

US-licensed trading houses have facilitated the movement of Venezuelan crude into Caribbean storage hubs, helping mitigate immediate supply shocks. Elevated floating storage and surplus sour barrels continue to cushion the market.

Longer term, meaningful production growth in Venezuela would require substantial investment and time, with a realistic horizon beyond 2027–2028. Any easing of sanctions could unlock additional supply, reshaping heavy crude flows — particularly for Asian buyers such as China and India.

 

Iran and Broader Tail Risks

Iran remains a headline-driven tail risk, with protests and macroeconomic instability raising uncertainty around exports of up to 1.5–2.0 mb/d. While no disruptions have materialized so far, asymmetric risks remain, including potential sanctions tightening or, less likely, sanctions relief.

 

The Strait of Hormuz continues to represent a low-probability but high-impact wildcard.

 

Market Implications for Risk Management

The current environment reinforces a key message: geopolitical risk alone is not enough to drive sustained price upside when surplus fundamentals dominate. For market participants, this highlights the importance of:

 

  • Monitoring geopolitical developments as volatility catalysts, not base-case drivers
  • Focusing on refined product exposure, particularly middle distillates
  • Using structured risk management strategies to navigate episodic shocks within a range-bound crude environment

 

As 2026 begins, oil markets remain defined by the balance between geopolitics and fundamentals. While Venezuela and Iran merit close attention, the broader supply surplus continues to anchor prices. In this context, refined products, not crude, offer the most compelling risk-reward dynamics.


In this context, relying on Hedgepoint's market intelligence is key to anticipating trends and seizing opportunities in the biofuels market, ensuring a strategic position in the face of mandates and developments in the energy sector.

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